Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

If you have a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) this means that find it difficult to pay attention, have high levels of energy and react quickly to things. This can get in the way of everyday life such as school, hobbies and making friends, although how much it affects someone can vary from person to person.

Tasks such as sitting still, concentrating and following instructions are much harder for people with ADHD as they often feel restless or fidgety, can be easily distracted and can talk a lot, which makes activities such as school lessons and doing homework even more difficult.

People with ADHD can sometimes find it harder in social situations such as making friends or playing games as they can find it hard to follow conversations, wait for things and take turns. Sometimes people with ADHD also have difficulties with getting to and staying asleep.

ADHD is a result of the brain being wired slightly differently to people who do not have ADHD. High activity levels, difficulties concentrating and reacting quickly, can be helped and managed by school using ADHD friendly approaches, parents/carers using specific approaches at home, and learning techniques and strategies to develop skills of concentration and attention. Sometimes, taking medication is also an option.

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Top Tips

Tip 1

ADHD can be managed effectively with behavioural approaches and dveloping skills. Some of the world’s most successful people have diagnoses of ADHD including; Justin Timberlake (singer), Jamie Oliver (chef), Will Smith (actor), Michael Phelps (Olympic swimmer), Emma Watson (actress) and Richard Branson (entrepreneur and owner of the Virgin brand) to name just a few!
Tip 2

There are lots of strategies and techniques that you, your parents, carers and teachers can use to help with the things you find difficult. It is important to make sure that those involved in teaching or supporting you know you have ADHD. You can find suggestions of techniques and strategies that might help on the website link below and using the free organisation and planning apps listed below.
Tip 3

To help you remember things you need to, make notes or reminders and set alarms on your phone. Plan ahead what you will need for each day. It may be helpful to let others help you with doing this. Having a familiar routine will also make it easier for you to remember what you have to do and what you might need with you.
Tip 4

If you have been given a diagnosis and have been prescribed medication to help you there is a really useful website called HeadMeds which can give you lots of information and advice.

CAMHS Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Referral Guidance

What we do, what we don’t do and what you can do if you are worried about your child

Many young people struggle with concentrating. Many young people are impulsive and have high levels of activity. All of these factors can be related to age and developmental stage as well as being traits unique to the individual. Sometimes when a young person is displaying a lot of behaviours associated with these traits, in many aspects of their life and it is causing them significant difficulties, we might consider a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that effects behaviour and includes symptoms of inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. An ADHD diagnosis can include a combined presentation of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity; a predominantly inattentive presentation or a predominantly hyperactive-Impulsive presentation. This guide will help you to know how to best support your young person if they are experiencing some of these difficulties and also when to consider when you might need to make a referral to CAMHS. This is not an exhaustive list; young people may experience symptoms which may not be included in this guide.

Type and nature of worry

Children and young people to go through phases where they are restless and inattentive. These difficulties can be short term, have no long term impact on daily functioning at home and at school. These difficulties are often completely normal and do not necessarily mean the young person / child has ADHD. These difficulties can be managed with consistent parenting approaches, the love and support of parents / carers and good home school communication.

What you might see or a young person might report

Struggling to get to sleep at night; having restless sleep or early morning waking.
Struggling to get ready for school on time.
Struggling to listen to and carry out instructions.
Struggling to be organised.
Struggling to develop friendships.
Struggling to manage social situations.
Displaying difficult behaviour when asked to do something they don’t want to do (ignoring, shouting, running off, becoming verbally / physically aggressive).
Not wanting to go to school.
Feeling restless and fidgeting.
Poor eye contact.
Difficulties paying attention (even to things such as films or TV programmes)?
Difficulties turn taking and can interrupt others.
Easily distracted, starting things but not completing them.
Appearing forgetful and disorganised.
Impulsive and reactive, not always appearing to understand risks (e.g., not looking both ways before crossing a road).
Can be chatty, distracting and being distracted by others.
May seem to be disinterested or daydreaming (glazed over).
(this list is not exhaustive)

Things to try, support and Next Steps

Give your child regular opportunities to talk about what they are struggling with and how they are feeling.
Are they getting enough sleep? Make sure that you have a consistent night time routine. Have a set bedtime. Make sure that all screens are off a minimum of one hour before bed time.
www.hampshirecamhs.nhs.uk/issue/sleep
Behavioural strategies (- make sure all adults looking after the young person are consistent, stick to one plan.
www.hampshirecamhs.nhs.uk/issue/managing-challenging-behaviour/
Stay calm (ask for help from someone in the family; take a break; pick your battles- the child will respond better.
Use goals to work towards, charts and rewards can be helpful.
Use pictorial guides or lists to prompt routines and help with organisation.
Say your child’s name and look at them to get their attention when talking to them.
Only give one instruction at a time (break things down into small steps).
Get your child to pack their school bag the night before school.
Support your child’s interests
Support your child to problem solve areas of organisation that they find difficult.
Make sure your child has opportunity to let off steam (outside play, physical activity, social clubs).
Seek support from the school teacher or home school link worker.
Consider talking to the SENCO (Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator) at school.
Consider parenting classes (your child’s school should have knowledge of any available in the local area.)
Minimise distractions particularly when trying to work.
Repeat messages or important information regularly.
Present information verbally and in writing where possible.
Role play and practice skills such as turning taking, how to do activities safely (such as crossing the road), and reducing impulsivity/ reactivity.
Change activities regularly to reduce boredom and restlessness.
Look at our useful resources below for a range of support that can be accessed.

Type and nature of worry

When a young person has a significant amount of features usually associated with ADHD, which have been present since childhood and are problematic across all environments such as at home and at school, it might be worth considering an ADHD assessment. You would consider this when these difficulties with attention, activity and impulsivity are severe and enduring, are causing significant disruption to a young person and are significantly disrupting daily life such as school/ college and socialising. Despite trying advice in the green and amber stages, the young person still experiences ongoing difficulties. The young person may be failing to meet expected academic levels due to poor concentration.

Some children with ADHD also have other mental health difficulties like any other young person might. If this is the case they may benefit from some therapeutic intervention for this. Some children with ADHD might have specific learning difficulties (assessed by school and / or Educational Psychology Services and / or Paediatricians) and social communication problems which may need further consideration as well as an ADHD assessment.

What you might see or a young person might report

As well as the features in Green and Amber, the following might also be present (this list is not exhaustive):

Moving from one activity to another without completing one
May not play for long and not enjoy playing with toys and games. May prefer active games
May struggle to sit still and watch television or a film for any length of time.
Will often appear not to hear when spoken to
If you ask your child to do something they will often forget what you have asked them to do
They may be constantly fidgety, make lots of noises, and talk all the time (even in situations where it is not appropriate).
Often doing something that they should not be doing like talking, being disruptive in class
Be easily distracted by things going on around them
Be impulsive and accident prone
Have problems settling for bed and getting to sleep
Becoming agitated, oppositional or aggressive towards others when they are struggling with expectations placed on them.
Reactive and impulsive behaviour such as running away which may place them or others in danger
Family and school functioning may be disrupted and families and / schools are required to make significant adjustments to accommodate how the young person is managing or responding
Examples of this include: failing at school or leading to problems in relationships at home to the detriment of development.
The symptoms above cause significant distress or impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning

Things to try, support and Next Steps

As well as the steps in Green and Amber the following might be helpful:

Once above strategies have been tried and after 10 weeks if still concerned –consider referral to CAMHS. You can do this by visiting your GP or school and asking them to make a referral or make a self-referral. These referrals go to CAMHS SPA via www.hampshirecamhs.nhs.uk
Depending on the context and/ or the extent of the difficulties, other services may be helpful. There may be a role for other services such as Children’s Services or other statutory or voluntary organisations that can support families.

Useful Resources:

View the parent/carer workshop on managing ADHD and how to manage behaviour of concern (link above)
www.addiss.co.uk
All dogs have ADHD – Kathy Hoopmann
http://adhdpartnershipsupportpack.ie/ programme has been developed to cover the key steps needed to support children with ADHD both at home and in the school environment
https://youngminds.org.uk/find-help/for-parents/parents-guide-to-support-a-z/parents-guide-to-support-adhd/
www.wellatschool.org/ advice on supporting pupils with ADHD at school; ADHD partnership support pack
http://familylives.org.uk/ offers support for parents with a range of difficulties and access to parenting online programmes; self-referral and referral from professionals, parents and young people.
Seek advice, guidance and support from Young Minds Parent Helpline: 08088025544